Abstract To study the effect of Jiawei Huangqi Guizhi Decoction on gastrointestinal hormones and TGF-β3 signal pathways in rats with chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). The model was created by methylnitrosoguanidine (MNNG) comprehensive method. After successful modeling, it was divided into three groups: model group (MC group), frolic acid group (AC group), modified Huangqi Guizhi Decoction high dose group (HH group), modified Huangqi Guizhi Decoction middle dose group (HM group), and modified Huangqi Guizhi Decoction low dose group (HL group). Gastric pathology was observed by HE staining. The levels of gastrin (GAS) and motilin (MTL) in rat serum were detected by ELISA assay. After HE staining, the histopathological sections were analyzed. Inflammatory factors infiltration and disorder of mucosal epithelial cells were found in the model group, which were improved to some extent after administration. According to the pathological chart analysis and score of rats in each group, compared with the model group, the gastric tissue damage of rats in each administration group has been improved in different degrees, among which the pathological scores of HH and HM groups were lower, and the corresponding damage degree was smaller. According to the test results of ELISA, Jiawei Huangqi Guizhi Decoction could reduce the contents of GAS, TGF-β3, and increase MTL abundance in the serum of rats, thus accelerating the apoptosis of tumor cells and inhibiting cancer. Jiawei Huangqi Guizhi Decoction played a positive role in preventing the occurrence of gastric cancer through reducing the concentrations of GAS and TGF-β3 in serum, and increasing the concentration of MLT in serum. This results provided a new treatment idea for CAG.

Digital applications to assist language learning are becoming increasingly popular. They typically incorporate one or two dictionaries to improve the service so that users avoid leaving the app to consult external resources. This paper deals with the two dictionaries used in a learning app for Chinese learners of English. Initially, it describes the functioning of the app as well as the two dictionaries that have different roles in the app. It then focuses on the one that is integrated into the course texts and can be activated by clicking on a word or a multiword unit. A number of deficiencies are discussed such as inconsistent treatment of words and senses, data overload, difficult access, and inconvenient location of the pop-up window that displays the lexicographical items. These deficiencies may impact negatively on the learners' motivation and the learning process in general. The paper traces the problems to the database that sustains the dictionary as well as the design of the user interfaces that filter the data offered to the users. Finally, and inspired by the classical Chinese Xun Gu tradition, it suggests an alternative, context-adapted approach that breaks with traditional features of the dictionary article and reduces the content of the pop-up window to an absolute minimum. The idea is to avoid a consultation process that interrupts the learners' reading flow and focus on learning.

Digitale toepassings wat as hulpmiddels in die aanleer van taal gebruik word, word toenemend gewild. Kenmerkend van hierdie digitale toepassings is die inkorporering van een of twee woordeboeke om die diens wat gelewer word, te verbeter sodat gebruikers nie die toepassing hoef te verlaat om eksterne bronne te raadpleeg nie. In hierdie artikel word aandag geskenk aan die twee woordeboeke wat in 'n aanleerders-toepassing vir Chinese leerders van Engels gebruik word. Eers word 'n beskrywing gegee van die funksionering van sowel die toepassing as van die twee woordeboeke wat verskillende funksies in die toepassing vervul. Daarna word gefokus op die woordeboek wat in die kursushandleidings geïntegreer is en wat geaktiveer kan word deur op 'n woord of meerwoordige eenheid te klik. 'n Aantal leemtes soos die inkonsekwente hantering van woorde en begrippe, data-oorlading, moei-like toegang, en hinderlike posisie van die opwipvenster wat die leksikografiese items vertoon, word bespreek. Hierdie gebreke mag 'n negatiewe effek op die motivering van die aanleerders en die aanleerproses in die algemeen hê. Die probleme word teruggevoer na sowel die databasis wat die woordeboek steun as na die ontwerp van die gebruikerskoppelvlakke wat die data wat aan die gebruikers aangebied word, sif. Laastens, en geïnspireer deur die klassieke Chinese Xun Gu-tradi-sie, word 'n alternatiewe, konsep-aangepaste benadering wat afwyk van die tradisionele kenmerke van die woordeboekartikel en wat die inhoud van die opwipvenster tot 'n absolute minimum beperk, voorgestel. Sodoende word 'n konsultasieproses wat die aanleerders se leesvloei onderbreek, vermy en word daar gefokus op die aanleerproses.